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 What is angiogram Doctor, what is an angiogram and why have I been asked to have one done? An angiogram is a type of x-ray test that is done to see the blood flow in an artery or vein. It is normally used to examine the blood vessels in the chest, head, back, arms, legs and abdomen. A coronary angiogram looks at the arteries near the heart. A pulmonary angiogram at those near the lungs. A cerebral angiogram is used for the blood vessels near the brain. Carotid angiogram examines the blood vessels in the head and neck. An aortogram examines the aorta. A peripheral angiogram looks at the vessels in the arms and legs. How it is done A thin tube known as a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the groin or just above the elbow and guided to the area to be examined. An iodine dye is injected into the blood vessel to provide contrast and make the x-ray image more clear. The images are studied by a cardiologist to determine what, if any, problems exist and to decide on the course o...

   Covid 2      Out of the seven coronaviruses known to infect humans, the ones that have emerged since the last two decades, including SARS (fatality rate of 10 percent), MERS (fatality rate between 35-36 percent) and now SARS-CoV-2, are the ones that are a cause for worry since they are capable of causing severe illness and even death.   Out of these three, while humans are still dealing with SARS-CoV-2 and are likely to continue doing so in the coming few years, SARS (emerged in China) and MERS (emerged in Saudi Arabia) were locally contained. The last case of SARS was detected in 2003, however, MERS is still circulating. Even so, while attempts have been made to develop a vaccine for these two coronaviruses, none of them have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as of now.      In the case of SARS-CoV-2, it was not easily contained and spread rapidly around the world. One reason for this is the spike protein of the v...